Human papilloma virus: suppression and genotyping

More than 120 types of HPV are known to medicine, which are classified using different approaches. There is a summary table of the main types of virus, compiled according to the results of large-scale screening studies:

Symptoms	A kind
Skin:
Plantar warts	1, 2, 4
Common warts	2, 4, 26, 27, 29, 57
Flat warts	3, 10, 28, 49
Butcher warts	7
Warts epidermodysplasia	5, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 19, 36
Non-wart skin lesions	37, 38
Genital mucosa:
Genital warts	6, 11, 42, 43, 44, 54
Jondilomatous lesions	6, 11, 16, 18, 30, 31, 33, 34, 35, 39, 40, 42, 43, 51, 52, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 61, 64, 67, 68, 69, 70
Carcinoma	16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 54, 56, 66, 68
Lesions of non-genital mucosa:
Papilloma of the larynx	6, 11, 30
Carcinoma of the neck, tongue	2, 6, 11, 16, 18, 30

All neoplasms are divided according to oncological risk, localization and form of skin growths.

1. Localization of infection: Alpha - affects the mucous membranes of the genitals in men and women, manifested by condyloma. Beta - affects the superficial layers of the epidermis, manifests itself in the superficial layers of the epidermis with classical warts.
2. The genotype of the virus determines its oncogenic potential, i. e. the ability to cause oncological degeneration of infected tissues. Genotyping distinguishes the following types of infection from the risk of oncogenicity: Low risk - 6, 11, 42, 43, 44, 53, 54, 55. Intermediate - 30, 31, 33, 35, 39, 51, 52, 58, 66 High Rice - 16, 18, 45, 56.
3. Forms of skin neoplasms. Papillomas are divided into five main categories. Simple ones are the most common type of growth. As it develops, a warm-colored keratinized tubercle forms. Warts are localized on the skin, both alone and in groups. Most often they occur on the inside and outside of the hand, on the lower part of the face (lips, chin). There is also toe growth. Flat - have a dark color and appear as small tufts on the skin. As a rule, they appear in the upper part of the body, less often in the genitals. Too often they make themselves felt in adolescence with an immune system failure, which arises in the neck and arms. Highlighted - warts affect the mucosa and fall into the category of oncogenic risk. Filiform - acrochordic or senile papillomas occur in middle-aged and elderly people. Internal moles - localized in the internal organs. This category includes warts on the walls of the stomach and rectum, growths in the mouth and bladder.

The method of diagnosis, treatment and prevention depends on the type of neoplasm detected.

High risk human papyrus

HPV is one of the most common viruses. Most often, the infection occurs through sexual and domestic contact. For many years, the virus can remain dormant and not show up. It can be activated by various factors, for example, a weakened immune system or chronic disease.

High-risk human papillomaviruses are particularly dangerous. This category includes:

• Average oncogenicity - 30, 31, 33, 35, 39, 51, 52, 58, 66
• High carcinogenicity - 16, 18, 45, 56, 59, 68.

Oncogenic human papillomaviruses

Carcinogenic HPV is a serious risk, namely viruses that can cause malignant degeneration of healthy cells. The risk group includes the following genotypes: 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 45, 68, 56, 58, 39, 70. They significantly increase the likelihood of developing cancer of the genitals, uterus, anus and urethra.

Oncogenic viruses are manifested by genital warts. Their appearance is a signal for seeking medical help and removal of neoplasms.

Human papilloma virus 1

This infectious agent creates the development of heel and common warts. Too often, with this papillomavirus, deep lesions appear on the foot, causing discomfort and pain to the user. Lumps can form on the back of the hands and on the chin. In some cases, they appear on the eyelids, scalp, fingers and toes.

This type of virus has a low oncogenicity. At the same time, it is impossible to completely remove it from the body. Modern drugs are able to temporarily suspend its activity. The treatment aims to eliminate aesthetic problems, namely the removal of growths. In the future, therapy is performed to increase the protection of the immune system. Mandatory It is mandatory to prescribe drugs that prevent papillomatosis.

Human virus papyrus 4

Another common form of viral disease. Manifested by ordinary heels and warts. As developments unfold, they darken and acquire a rough surface. In some cases, smaller formations form around a large wart.

Patients complain of itching, burning, and pain in the affected area. HPV 4 also promotes the development of calluses and calluses on the soles of the feet.

This genotype poses no risk of malignant transformation. For treatment, surgical removal of the growths is used with further immunotherapy of the patient.

Human virus papyrus 5

Responsible for developing different types of growths. Most often, papillomavirus 5 leads to the appearance of warts or verruciform epidermodysplasia. The disease is rare and manifests itself as a large accumulation of warts. The pathological condition develops in youth and continues throughout life. According to statistics, women are more likely to get sick than men.

Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EVL) is essentially a unique epidermis predisposition to papillomavirus infection. In this case, HPV 5 has a high carcinogenicity, i. e. , the risk of degenerative skin changes in squamous cell carcinomas.

Typical symptoms of epidermodysplasia:

• Small wart growths that coalesce into large lesions as they grow.
• Rash appears on face, back, neck, abdomen, and even buttocks.
• When the skin is damaged, linear structures of the lesion appear at the site of the wound.
• In the body and limbs, the growths are larger and denser than in the face and neck.

Human virus papyrus 6

The sixth type of HPV is diagnosed in middle-aged and elderly people. Neoplasms are pink or flesh-colored and resemble the shape of a cauliflower. This type of papillomavirus is included in the group of infections with low oncogenicity and increases the risk of such pathologies:

• Genital warts (warts).
• Papillomatosis of the larynx.
• Non-condylomatous genital lesions.
• Conjunctival papillomas.

Treatment consists of antiviral and restorative therapy, surgical removal of the neoplasm. Special attention is paid to preventive measures: personal hygiene, balanced diet, increased immunity.

Human virus papyrus 7

As a result of HPV 7 infection, so-called butcher warts or Butcher warts appear on the skin. They represent painless, light brown growths that are most often localized on the elbows and shoulders.

Butcher warts occur in people who have frequent contact with raw meat. The infection enters the skin through small lesions. Growths appear on the elbows and hands in swollen, painless formations.

Human virus papyrus 11

Papillomavirus type 11 is most often diagnosed in women, and it manifests as genital warts. The pathological process involves the skin and mucous membranes. This HPV has a low carcinogenicity, i. e. it is not susceptible to malignant transformation.

Men and women who are sexually active and often change sexual partners are at risk for this disease. Infection can occur with other genital infections. When infected with genome 11, the pathogen is included in the human chromosome group, infecting the carrier daughter cells.

The main symptoms of the disease are:

• Single or multiple rashes.
• Increases in women appear in the labia, cervix, clitoris, urethra.
• In men, neoplasms appear on the head and body of the penis, scrotum, frenum.
• In both sexes, papillomas have adjacent localizations: anus, perineum, oropharynx, bladder, perianal region.

Diagnosis is performed according to the type of shed structures and is not difficult. It is impossible to completely destroy the virus, but there are a number of therapeutic methods that can suppress its activity. For this, special medicines are used. Cryodestruction methods, laser therapy and other surgical techniques are used to remove skin changes.

Prevention of HPV 11 infection is based on adhering to barrier methods of contraception to prevent infection during sexual intercourse. It is also recommended to strengthen the immune system to increase its protective properties.

Human virus papyrus 12

Under the action of certain factors, HPV 12 can appear as verruciform epidermodysplasia or wart. This pathological condition is also called Lewandowski-Lutz disease. Refers to a genetic disorder.

Papillomavirus 12 requires a comprehensive diagnosis. This is due to the fact that the disease it causes can lead to serious dermatological defects and serious complications. In ¼ patients, the transformation of affected tissues into squamous cell carcinoma is observed.

Human virus papyrus 16

One of the most common papilloma viruses, diagnosed in 60% of people, is HPV 16 (Human papillomavirus). This type of infection is oncogenic and leads to the following pathologies:

• Non-condylomatous genital lesions.
• Genital carcinoma.
• Carcinoma of the neck, tongue.

Following infection, the virus enters the DNA regions of healthy cells, disrupting the body's natural anti-tumor immunity. According to statistics, in 42% of cases, it is the 16th genotype that is the leading cause of cervical cancer.

Human papilloma virus 18

One of the most common urogenital viral infections is papillomatosis. Type 18 of this infection is associated with diseases such as HPV 16: cervical dysplasia, cervical cancer. Has a high oncogenicity. Sticking to the human genome provokes the growth of benign growths, which gradually degenerate into cancer. In 70% of cases, HPV 18 is detected in women with uterine cancer.

Treatment is prescribed only after a comprehensive diagnosis and determination of the malignancy of neoplasms. Therapy consists of surgical removal of growths, 2-3 courses of antiviral and immunostimulatory drugs. At the same time, one must take into account the fact that today there are no drugs that completely neutralize the 18th genotype of the papilloma virus.

Human papilloma virus 21

Another type of infection that causes epidermodysplasia verruciformis is HPV 21. At the same time, it belongs to the viruses with low carcinogenicity. Most often it manifests itself as anogenital warts and laryngeal papillomatosis.

Since the infection does not penetrate into the bloodstream, but only affects the skin, then scratches from the epidermis and mucous spots are used for diagnosis. Complex treatment aimed at removing skin defects and strengthening the immune system.

Human papilloma virus 31

To date, more than a hundred papillomaviruses are known, among which there are oncogenes, namely those that can provoke malignant processes in the body. HPV 31 refers to an infection with moderate carcinogenicity, which, under the influence of several factors, leads to oncological lesions.

31 genotypes are associated with the following diseases:

• Neoplasia of severity 2 and 3.
• Dysplasia and cervical cancer.
• Penile cancer.
• Anal cancer.
• Cancer of the oral cavity and larynx.
• Bowen's disease.
• Keira erythroplasia.
• Dental complications.

Infection most often occurs during unprotected intercourse and poses the same risk to women and men. Infection is possible when the virus comes in contact with an open wound or during the birth process, ie transmission from mother to child.

Human papilloma virus 33

HPV of this type is most often diagnosed in women, because it contributes to the development of such diseases:

• Non-condylomatous genital lesions.
• Genital carcinoma.
• Cervical dysplasia.
• Cervical cancer.

The pathological condition is considered anthroponose, the infection occurs only among humans. 2-4 months after HPV 33 enters the body, genital warts begin to form on the genitals with simultaneous painful symptoms.

Human virus papyrus 35

Infection with this HPV is dangerous from the development of malignant processes in the body. Type 35 is diagnosed in both men and women, but only in the latter does it cause serious problems.

The infection is manifested by condylomatous lesions of the perineum, external genitalia, anus and oral cavity (tongue root, inner part of cheek). Infection can cause the development of dysplasia and cancerous processes of the cervix.

It is not so easy to cure HPV 35, therefore, special attention is paid to preventive measures: protected sex, a healthy lifestyle, strengthening the immune system, etc. In case of infection, treatment consists of a set of techniques aimed at eliminating skin defects and suppressing papillomatosis activity.

Human papilloma virus 39

This genotype poses a serious risk and threat to life, as it contributes to the degeneration of healthy tissue into malignant ones. Women are more susceptible to HPV 39, as it leads to damage to the internal genital organs. Infection can cause dysplasia and cervical cancer.

The infection may not appear in any way for a long period of time, feeding on healthy tissue and increasing in size.

• External symptoms of infection are growths of skin on the inner walls of the vagina, mucous membranes of the cervical canal, in the cervical region.
• Rarely, warts form on the external genitalia, as well as around the exit of the urethra or near the anus.
• Neoplasms appear as single and multiple growths that look like cauliflower.

Human virus papyrus 44

From the oncology point of view, type 44 HPV poses no risk. In this case, the infection with this infection is manifested by genital warts and genital warts on the cervix and other important organs.

Treatment of skin growths is performed to eliminate aesthetic discomfort, i. e. neoplasms are removed. Also, all patients were prescribed a course of antiviral and immunostimulatory drugs to suppress the papillomatous infection in the body.

Human papilloma virus 45

Another representative of the group of oncogenic papillomaviruses with a high risk of degeneration is type 45. The infection is characterized by the following manifestations:

• Genital warts.
• Bowenoid papules.
• Genital warts.
• Dysplasia and cervical cancer.

Infection occurs during unprotected intercourse. A man is a carrier of the virus while he may not know about it. In women, the infection manifests as a painful growth on the genitals. The pathology is very dangerous for the female body and requires serious treatment. It can take more than 20 years from the moment of infection to the development of a malignant tumor caused by HPV 45.

In the diagnostic process, PCR, Dagen test, calcoscopy, biopsy and cytological studies are performed to identify the pathogenic genotype. Treatment depends on the stage of the disease.

Human papilloma virus 51

This type of HPV belongs to anogenital infections with moderate oncogenic risk. The infection is mainly transmitted through sexual contact and can lead to the following problems:

• Dysplasia and cervical cancer.
• Oncological lesions of the anus, vulva or vagina in women.
• Malignant neoplasms of the anus and penis in men.
• Genital warts.
• Giant Buschke-Levenshtein condyloma.

To diagnose HPV, 51 patients must undergo a urogenital stain. With its help, clinical confirmation of the presence of infection in the body, genotyping and malignancy risk assessment are performed.

There are no medications specifically formulated to treat this type of infection. Therapy aims to prevent malignant transformations and mobilize the body's antitumor immunity.

Human papilloma virus 52

According to medical statistics, HPV 52 is identified in 70% of cases in women over 35 years of age. Infection most often occurs during unprotected sex. The painful condition is associated with the following pathologies:

• Genital warts and genital warts.
• Colon cancer in men.
• Dysplasia and cervical cancer.

It is impossible to completely cure the virus, but with early diagnosis and proper therapy, cells can be protected from destruction and malignancy. To do this, surgical removal of the growths is performed, a course of antiviral therapy and taking medication to strengthen the immune system.

Human virus papyrus 53

HPV 53 infection is possible through contact with the mucous membranes or skin cells of an infected person. This genotype has low carcinogenicity and therefore does not pose a risk of malignant transformation.

After infection, the virus can remain dormant for an extended period of time. The action of various factors, for example, a weakening of the protective properties of the immune system leads to its activation. Because of this, epidermal cells begin to actively divide, forming warty neoplasms and genital warts.

Treatment of papillomavirus type 53 is reduced to the removal of skin growths, taking antiviral drugs and strengthening immunity.

Human papilloma virus 56

One of the types of human papillomavirus infection is HPV 56. This type is characterized by high oncogenicity and is associated with the following pathologies:

• Non-condylomatous genital lesions.
• Dysplasia and cervical cancer.
• Carcinoma of the mucous membranes of the genitals.

The virus is dangerous for women and men, causing genital warts and other neoplasms. Penetration of the infection into the body occurs through the mucous membranes during unprotected sex or with open wound damage to the epidermis.

HPV 56 requires complex treatment. Therapy consists of taking antiviral medication, removing surgical growths, and strengthening the immune system. Special attention is paid to preventive measures to protect the body from infection.

Human papilloma virus 58

The viral pathogen from the category of moderate risk of malignant transformation is type 58. The infection is included in the alpha group, ie it contributes to the occurrence of such pathologies:

• Non-condylomatous genital lesions.
• Condyloma of the inner surface of the anus.
• Dysplasia and cervical cancer.

Once introduced into the body, it provokes the appearance of small growths with a dense and smooth structure. Depending on the location, they can be light pink or brown. This genotype is very often manifested in the neck, armpits, intestines, external and internal genitals and bladder.

The risk of infection is due to the underlying course of the infectious process. Since the pathogen can be dormant for a long period of time. Timely diagnosis and an integrated approach to treatment can prevent the complications of human papilloma virus type 58.

Human papilloma virus 59

HPV 59 genotype refers to oncogenic viruses. Under the action of several factors, it can cause damage to the tissues of the cervix and uterine epithelium, provoking a precancerous condition. Infection with this pathogen occurs through unprotected anal or vaginal contact, less commonly through oral sex.

Often, the infection does not manifest for a long time. But the appearance of growths and warts on the skin indicates its activation. Genital warts form on the external genitalia and in their mucosa.

To diagnose a painful condition, a viral DNA analysis and PCR are performed. Treatment consists of taking antiviral medication to suppress the infection.

Human papilloma virus 66

Very often, the appearance of warts and papillomas on the body is associated with infection with the papilloma virus type 66. In this case, skin growths have the most inappropriate localization: armpits, perianal and periorbital regions, perineum, genital mucosa.

Typically, after infection, the infection is dormant for a long period of time. But under the action of certain factors, it is activated. These factors include:

• Weakening of the defense of the immune system.
• Unbalanced diet.
• Bad habits.
• Frequent change of sexual partners and unprotected relationships.
• Non-compliance with the rules of personal hygiene.
• Frequent abortions and more.

Treatment of HPV 66 is aimed at removing skin growths and eliminating the factors that provoke the spread of infection. Antiviral therapy and vitamins are taken to boost immunity. Preventive measures include vaccination, timely treatment of any disease and a healthy lifestyle.

Human papilloma virus 67

According to studies conducted, HPV type 67 belongs to viruses with a moderate status of oncological degeneration. That is, infection with this genotype, under certain conditions, can provoke precancerous conditions.

The infection penetrates the damaged mucosa and skin. The infection is manifested by papillomatous growths in the body. Growths can also form in the cervical mucosa.

Human virus papyrus 68

68 The HPV genotype has low oncogenicity and is manifested by skin growths of various localization. The strong spread of defects and their frequent trauma are dangerous. Since at this stage, viral DNA replaces healthy cells, changing their structure. If the problem remains without medical attention, then the active progression of papillomavirus type 68 can lead to carcinoma.